The global economy has changed beyond recognition over the last decade. Widespread economic policy reform and in particular trade liberalisation have opened up new opportunities for developing countries. In poor countries, however, the consequences of trade liberalisation are not always positive. What can the private sector do to respond better and make the most of new trading opportunities? What factors have limited the impact of economic reforms on export performance? A four-year programme funded by the UK Department for International Development explored obstacles and opportunities facing exporters from South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and the former Soviet Union.