Across the globe, childhood vaccination is widely regarded to epitomise the effective (and cost effective) application of science and technology to current public health problems. It is central to future hopes in tackling diseases both of poverty and of excess. The production and delivery of new vaccines, combinations and applications has become a major focus of research and funding within a highly globalised field. Multi-national pharmaceutical companies, NGOs, research institutes, foundations and global health organisations now interact with wealthy and poor governments in initiatives and new forms of partnership which are extending vaccines to every person on the planet, and moulding health services in the process.