Decentralisation, like good governance or sustainable development, is one of those concepts everyone from the World Bank to top officials in national governments seem to think is a “good thing.” But the meaning attached vary widely. And while donors and governments all want to support it – it is now part of the well – worn lexicon of development cliches – it has palpably failed in many instances to deliver the results claimed of it. Why then is it so popular and what does it entail in practise?