This Research Report presents the results of a survey of the use of Japanese-inspired organization of work in 18 firms in Brazil. It examines why companies decided to adopt organizational principles such as Just-In-Time (JIT) and Total Quality Control (TQC), the means by which they acquired information on how to put their decision into practice, and the results of their efforts. Particular attention is paid to the role of the government in creating an enabling environment and the impact of JIT/TQC on labour.