Since their endorsement in 2000, there has been a fundamental change in the way that the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have been understood and responded to. Part of this change has been due to their transition from being a distant aspiration to a grounded and purposeful agenda driven by finding out what does and doesn’t work for human development. By learning from country experience in implementing the MDGs, a clear set of priorities to help accelerate progress towards 2015 has emerged.