This report provides the most comprehensive account to date of smart city surveillance in Africa. Expert researchers draw on their contextual experience of their own countries in detailed reports on Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
The research focuses on the use of smart surveillance technologies in public spaces – including facial recognition and vehicle number plate recognition – and the analysis of this data, often using AI, at centralised control centres.
The research traces the evolution of surveillance from colonial-era intelligence networks to today’s digitally enabled public spaces monitoring systems. It identifies the key actors, including government departments and agencies, foreign technology companies, and local private sector actors involved in the supply and implementation of Smart Cities.
Cite this publication
Wakabi, W. and Roberts, T. (eds) (2026) Smart City Surveillance in Africa: Mapping Chinese AI Surveillance Across 11 Countries, Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, DOI: 10.19088/IDS.2025.068
Authors
Research Fellow
Wairagala Wakabi
Afef Abrougui
Joseph Antwi-Boasiako
Jake Okechukwu Effoduh
Odeh Friday
Yosr Jouini Roberts
Victor Kapiyo
Roukaya Kasenally
Thobekile Matimbe
Richard Ngamita
Bulanda T. Nkhowani
Juliet Tembo
Dercio Tsandzana
Assane Sy
Editors
Research Fellow