This book analyses the merits and limitations of both welfarist and neoliberal approaches to the provision of key social services in terms of the outcomes and sustainablity of the two approaches. The volume proposes and alternative model of social provision, characterized by multiplicity in service delivery and financing. The strengths of this new approach are illustrated with case studies from Chile, China, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. The volume also describes how social services in Finland were organised in the early stages, and draws policy lessons for present day developing countries.