Showing 15121–15130 of 15712 results
1 January 2001
Published by: Institute of Development Studies
Participation, empowerment and inclusion have become the new development buzzwords. As the development mainstream takes on some of the practices of participatory development, feminist concerns about representation, agency and voice become ever more pressing.
1 January 2001
Published by: IDS
The paper presents a diversity of views held by Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) practitioners in Nepal about the history of PRA, the challenges facing PRA practice and participation in development today, and the ways forward for participation in the future. It is intended to provoke further discussion and reflection about PRA by making this diversity of views available to a wider audience.
1 January 2001
Published by: IDS
Following democratic elections in 1994, the Government of Malawi embarked on an ambitious programme of free primary education (FPE). As a result, access to education increased dramatically. However FPE was enacted before a comprehensive policy framework had been developed examining the resourcing required and other implications of the policy.
1 January 2001
Published by: IDS
This paper analyses how the production activities in the tobacco cluster in Rio Pardo Valley are organised through a complex network linking local producers to multinational companies and global markets. The relationship between global chain governance and local upgrading strategies has received growing attention in the recent literature.
1 January 2001
Published by: IDS
What is the role of civil society organisations in helping to build more effective democracy in societies which have recently emerged from violent civil conflict? To some extent, the answers depend on how the terms 'civil society' and 'democracy' are defined.
1 January 2001
Published by: IDS
The paper uses case-studies from six countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to illustrate improving practice on policy processes and institutions relating to poverty reduction. It presents these results in a simple analytical framework, which highlights the importance of three factors to the success of process-management mechanisms.
1 January 2001
Published by: IDS
This Working Paper argues that armed conflicts have been the single most important determinant of poverty and human misery in Sub-Saharan Africa, affecting more than half the countries of the continent during the past two decades.
1 January 2001
Published by: IDS
Educationally, pastoralists appear to be a paradox. From the point of view of official education they are a complete failure: in terms of enrolment, attendance, classroom performance, achievement, continuity to higher education and gender balance they regularly score badly.
1 January 2001
Published by: IDS
The high incidence of both child labour and out-of-school children in the South Asian region has given rise to competing explanations. Broadly speaking, these can be categorised as those which focus on poverty and under-development and those which focus on policy failure and poor implementation of educational services.
1 January 2001
Published by: IDS
This paper analyses the particular approach to participatory development developed by SPEECH, an NGO working in Tamil Nadu, India. We explore the extent to which SPEECH's approach transformed gender relations in the communities where they work.