Development Needs Society – The Implications of Civic Space for the Sustainable Development Goals

This report analyses the implications for development of the recent wave of closures of civic space that has primarily affected human rights-based and liberal democratic organizations – non-governmental organizations (NGOs), civil society organizations (CSOs) and the media – in countries around the world. This synthesis report summarizes the findings of a larger study funded by the ACT Alliance, which includes a literature review, 12 desk-based country studies, and four country case studies.