IDS working papers;31
The banking system in Nigeria has undergone radical changes during the 35 years since independence. Banking developed from an industry which in 1960 was dominated by a small number of foreign owned banks into one in which public sector ownership predominated in the 1970s and 1980s and in which...
1 January 1996
IDS working papers;32
For over 20 years until the early 1990s Zambia had entailed extensive government ownership and administrative controls over markets, including financial and banking markets. Interventionist policies, combined with a steep fall in the external terms of trade, led to economic decline.
1 January 1996
IDS working papers;33
Relations between NGOs and states are often characterised by conflict, since each actor is in competition for development resources. This paper looks at situations where cooperation offers benefits to both parties but where conflict remains. It argues that cooperation can offer benefits to both...
1 January 1996
IDS working papers;36
The post-independence Zimbabwe government did not interfere significantly with the operations of the banking system, despite the existence of a large government-owned commercial bank, and a commitment to socialist ideology and to reducing inequality.
1 January 1996
IDS working papers;35
This paper focuses on the emergence of trust in economic thought and clarifies its conceptualisation as a term used to identify a purely calculative theory of behaviour in which agents form subjective probabilities regarding the future action of others.
1 January 1996
IDS working papers;38
This paper examines why the banking system in Ghana was in need of reform in the 1980s and evaluates the impact of the financial sector reforms.
1 January 1996
This paper aims to develop an analytical framework and a set of tools which can help planners ensure that gender is systematically integrated into all aspects of their work.
1 January 1996
This paper conceptualises poverty as the product of multiple, and frequently interlocking, forms of institutional exclusion and focuses on the exclusion of the poor from mainstream financial institutions in India in order to analyse the rules, norms and procedures by which this occurs.
1 January 1996
Islands of dense forest in the savanna of 'forest' Guinea have long been regarded as the last relics of a once more extensive forest cover, degraded and degrading fast due to its inhabitants' land use.
1 January 1996
Indigenous soil and water conservation practices are rarely acknowledged in the design of projects. Instead, the history of soil and water conservation in Africa has been one of imposing external solutions without regard to local practice.
1 January 1996
IDS Working Paper 40
Current debate about land and agrarian reform in the post-Soviet Central Asian republics tends to be couched in terms of stark choices between state, collective and private ownership. There is little discussion of the full range of potential tenure arrangements in the 'middle ground' between...
1 January 1996
IDS working papers;39
Financial sector policy in Botswana was unusual. In most other African countries, newly independent governments intervened extensively in the ownership, management and credit allocation of domestic banks.
1 January 1996