In Bangladesh and India, informal healthcare providers (IHPs) have long been part of the countries’ health systems. However, formal recognition of their existence is sensitive, partly due to resistance and concern from professional health bodies. Research by Future Health Systems (FHS) partners ICDDR,B and IIHMR has been instrumental in bringing the issues to discussion tables. Consequently, stakeholders have begun to recognize and work with IHPs – something previously unheard of.